Meatotino vailaau o alkenes (olefins)

Olefins - hydrocarbons lea ei molecule tasi fusi lua. Nisi taimi o le tuufaatasi nei valaauina hydrocarbons faasologa ethylene. Le fusi o le lua i le molecule e faigofie ona faailoa mai e le auiliiliga spectral.

meatotino faaletino o alkenes

O le mea muamua e tolu o tagata o le faasologa homologous o alkenes - kasa. Mai le lima i le sefulu ono - suavai, maualuga alkenes molecular mamafa - solids. Faatasi ai ma le faateleina ma le faateleina o le umi filifili hydrocarbon tulaga pupuna mea. I tulaga fale suesue, e mafai ona maua nei mea i le tele o auala: e ala i le dehydrogenation o alkenes e le faapapaina o suauu, dehydrogenation o alcohols.

Faapapaina o le suauu - metotia tau alamanuia o fua hydrocarbons unsaturated. O se taunuuga, suauu faapapaina vevela vevela e 750 tikeri, ua solia le auivi hydrocarbon alkane:

S30N62 → S15N30 + S15N32

Dehydrogenation o alkanes. O lenei faiga ua faia i se vevela o le tusa ma le 600 tikeri. Lalo o nei tulaga, o le faatumulia hydrocarbon molecule e ua cleaved atoms H e fausia alkenes, mo se faataitaiga: → S5N12 S5N10 + H2.

Dehydration o alcohols. alcohols Monohydric fegalegaleai ma sulfate acid alkenes faiga, mo se faataitaiga: S4N9ON → C4H8 + H2O.

meatotino vailaau o alkenes e fesootai atu i le afioaga i latou molecule se sootaga lua. O le electron density le va o le atoms, o se noataga e lua e maualuga atu nai lo le va o le atoms F fesootai e fusi e tasi. O le ituaiga autu o uiga faaalia, e oo mai alkenes - accession, faatasi ma se pi-malologa ona o le faavaeina o sootaga sigma fou se lua. Olefins ulu atu i le tali polymerization, lea ua foi faatasi ma cleavage o noataga lua.

meatotino vailaau o alkenes: auai halides

Olefins faigofie faapipii i latou lava e molecule halide hydrogen, ua faapea ona fausia ai monogalogenoproizvodnye (f.t.t. S10N20 S10N21S1 → HC1 +). Ina ua faapipii i alkenes faia H2O faatumulia alcohols monohydric (S10N20 + H2O → S10N21ON).

mu alkenes

I le vevela maualuga i lalo o olefins O2 ua faigofie oxidized (susunu) e C02 ma H20. Alkenes, fegalegaleai ma permanganate potassium e fausia ai se alcohols dihydric (glycols).

meatotino vailaau o alkenes: polymerization olefin

Fofogaina hydrocarbons faaalia se faanaunauga sili atu e tali polymerization. E masani lava, o le polymer - o se filifili umi ma toe iunite tau fausaga (monomers). E mafai ona amataina lenei faagasologa i le tele o auala, ae i le tele o taimi o se filifili, ma e faasino i se saoloto māeʻa, faagasologa cationic po anionic.

meatotino vailaau o alkenes: polymerization cationic

O lenei ituaiga o tali ua catalyzed e acids. auai Proton olefin, ua avea ma a carbocation. Ona faapea le moliaga mulimuli i luga o le pi-sitemu isi molecule ma ituaiga carbocation alkene ma se filifili umi, lea e osofaʻia le molecule olefin nei, ma isi O se taunuuga, o le ejection o se proton po o se isi faiga, o le "faamalieina" moliaga carbocation, o loo tupu se matagaluega tatala. A anion novice polymerization anionic ua faia e ala i osofaʻiga nucleophilic o le anion X- olefin. Ina ua faapipii malologa filifili proton. E tatau ona matauina e le polymerize saoloto-māeʻa le tele o hydrocarbons unsaturated. E mafai ona amataina lenei faagasologa H202, peroxides faatulagaina, hydroperoxides, ma isi tupu matagaluega Open ona recombination o radicals. I nisi tulaga, mo polymers alkene faaaogaina tali copolymerization. I le copolymerization, o se polymer e aofia ai vaega eseese, alternating i le macromolecule i se auala patino. maua le oloa tali copolymer. meatotino faaletino ma le masini o le tuufaatasi ai ua fuafuaina faapitoa lava i le poloaiga o alternation o iunite tulagalua, ma o le ituaiga ma le aofaiga o le monomers aofia ai i le filifili polymer.