Masima ammonium - metotia o sauniuniga, faaaogaina i le tamaoaiga o le atunuu

O le tuufaatasi vailaau o NH4 + e faaalia ia lava e avea o se taitoatasi molia puipuiga uamea alkali lelei. Pe a fegalegaleai ma anions o mea acidic ua faia c fausaga crystalline - Sate nitrate Ammonium NH4N03, chloride NH4C1, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, lea e aofia ai le anion acid ma le vaega ammonium.

Ammonium masima maua i le taimi o le tali neutralization, e tupu i le taimi o le tali o le amonia ma se acid.

masima ammonium, e pei o, i mataupu faavae, o le tele o le uamea alkali mafai dissociate (vaeluaina i cations ma anions) i fofo aqueous i le ions: masima ammonium, e pei alkali masima uamea dissociate i ions:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

I le taimi o faʻavevela, masima matutu ammonium ua decomposed i amonia ma acid; E taʻua lenei faagasologa dissociation vevela.

O le acid faia (f.t.t., hydrochloric acid) faatasi ai ma NH3 evaporates ma i luga o cooling noatia ma amonia ma ua maua se masima. E tatau ona faapea atu e mafai ma le faagasologa o decomposition feliuai:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

O lea, sublimes chloride ammonium pe faamafanafana, ae ina ua mavae sina taimi i luga toe o le faagaau foliga -O le sinasina o chloride ammonium. O le taunuuga, i le faavaega o masima acid lē volatile, f.t.t., (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes i le taimi o le susunuina na NH3, ma le acid tumau pea. E taʻua lenei faagasologa decomposition foia.

ua faigofie decomposed uma masima ammonium e alkalis (faatasi ai ma faʻavevela) e tatala amonia:

NH4 + + Oi -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

e faaaoga lenei gaoioiga mo le mauaina o fertilizers i se pepa faatumu ammonium o nitrogen.

I le tali mai a ammonium carbonate ma minerale ma acids faatulagaina faamaloloina karaponi carbon. I le tali mai a ammonium sulfate po chloride ma AgNO3 po BaCl faia precipitates lanu sinasina uiga.

Ammonium masima: Faataitaiga

masima ammonium lautele faaaoga i faatoaga. o se mea lelei lenei mo laau fafagaina minerale (f.t.t., sulfate ammonium - (NH4) 2S04). E pei ona iloa e mafai ona mitiia laau Nitrogen na i se faiga noatia (NO3, NH4). O lea, e matuai aoga le tuufaatasi nitrogen. O le taua tele o le nitrate ammonium lea e aofia nitrogen nitrate NH4 NO3- ammonium.

Ma phosphate dihydrogen ammonium, ua taʻua i lalo o le igoa o faafanua NH4H2P04 ma phosphate diammonium (NH4) 2NR04 o loo lua elemene vailaau o taumafa laau - Nitrogen ma phosphorus. aofia masima Ammonium i le fertilizers fefiloi.

A gaoioi le amonia ma le oxide carbon (IV) sa synthesized urea po urea NH2-CO-NH2.

chloride Ammonium (NH4C1) po o le o loo faaaogaina chloride ammonium i sela electrochemical, i dyeing ma sittsepechatanii, tinning ma soldering. Le faafesootai o le uamea vevela, ua decomposed amonia i chloride hydrogen ma amonia. acid Hydrochloric gaoioi ma le oxide, faaleagaina o le laualuga uamea, lea ua faia e le masima volatile.

E tatau ona maitauina i le lelei e tausisi pea solder luga faamama. NH4NO3 (nitrate ammonium) faatasi ai ma le masima carbon ma alumini o se vaega o le mea papa - ammonal. O nei tuufaatasi o loo faaaoga i le atinae o le papa. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) e masani ona faaaoga i le gaosiga o meaai ma confectionery. O lenei lotoa o loo faaaogaina foi o le faasaoina o meaai mo ituaiga eseese o meaai. ua NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi meatotino e fesoasoani faatelevaveina matua.

tali Qualitative i le masima ammonium. A faamafanafana, faavaeina le masima ammonium ma fofo alkali o hydroxide ammonium, ua cleaved ma le faamatuu atu o amonia.

Le afioaga o le amonia mafai ona fuaina e se manogi faapitoa ma faailoga pepa lanu. Mo le tauaveina ai lenei uiga faaalia e manaomia e 1.0 cm3 fofo masima ammonium faaopoopo 0.5 cm3 fofo o sodium hydroxide ma le vevela. I le taimi o le faagasologa faʻavevela, ua faamaloloina amonia, ua faia e manogi uiga, mumu o litmus lanumoana.