Alkanes: Meatotino oona

Faatumulia hydrocarbons po paraffins, biosoedineniya oi latou o lona molecules o atoms ua fesootai e faigofie carbon (nofofua) i feagaiga, ma isi iunite o loo faatumulia valences e atoms hydrogen.

Alkanes: meatotino faaletino

O le sui muamua o le faasologa homologous o methane - kasa mai S5N12 e S15N32 - suavai, talu S16N34 - solids. Faatasi ai ma le faateleina o le aofai o le carbon atoms i le alkane molecule faateleina masani latou faaliusuavai ma manatu pupuna.

hydrocarbons pupuna Low ma se ua tele maualalo faatusatusa filifili branched i le pupuna tulaga o le latou isomers. e odorless Methane ma ethane, volatile hydrocarbons suavaia e manogi penisini (pentane ma hexane) ma le karasini, maualuga homologs oi maua methane. ua pupula hydrocarbons faatumulia nai lo le vai, ma O lona insoluble i ai. e faigofie soluble hydrocarbons faatumulia i solvents faatulagaina, ma alkanes suavaia lava ua solvents lelei.

Alkanes: Meatotino oona

Mo nei biosoedineny faamatalaina i le reactivity maualalo. O i latou o inert, ua faaalia i latou Igoa - paraffins. ona i le faatulagaga lenei o le molecules atoms C ma H fesootai noataga sigma. O le vailaau inertness o nei mea ona o latou foliga fausaga molecular. Ina ia solia le fusi sigma, e tatau ona e faaaluina le tele o le malosi. vailaau faavae. meatotino a alkanes, o lona uiga tali na latou ulu atu, o lenei tali nitration, halogenation, sulfonation, sulfochlorination, faapapaina. Alkane tali māeʻa amataina e radicals, UV po gamma leisa, peroxides, faʻavevela. I lenei tulaga, o loo latou faamatalaina i le ituaiga o le lua tali: o le toe suia o hydrogen ma se malologa sootaga "carbon-hydrogen" ma cleavage o le molecule ma māsae o le F-C po o le I-T.

Alkanes: meatotino vailaau. O uiga faaalia o halogenation māeʻa

O lenei uiga faaalia o nisi taimi e taʻua metalepsiey. E mafai ona amataina e ala i le susulu o le la. Le pogisa i 250-400 ° C po o le afioaga o le catalysts (apamemea chloride, apamemea chloride, apa) atoms halogen faasolosolo le atoms hydrogen i le molecules o alkanes.

Alkanes: meatotino vailaau. nitration tali

O le nitro vaega e faigofie ona suia mo hydrogen i le iunivesite, lona lua mamafa ma le faigata tele e atoms autu carbon. O lenei nitration fua tau alamanuia o alkanes ua faia i le vaega o kasa i 150-490 ° C ma nitric oxide po puao acid nitric.

Alkanes: meatotino vailaau. O uiga faaalia o sulfochlorination

I le i hydrocarbons faatumulia o se tuufaatasiga o teio karaponi ma chlorine. Catalysts masani o peroxides po UV le leisa. e faaaoga lenei gaoioiga e maua detergents gaosi (detergents). I alkilsulfohloridy e alkalis e tau atu i le faavaega o alkaline masima o acids sulphonic, o le vaega fausaga o detergents (pastes, powders).

Faatumulia hydrocarbons - o le mea e masani ona maua mo le tuufaatasia o mea faatulagaina eseese. O se mea e manaomia mo le tuufaatasia o le toatele oi latou o le sauniuniga o alkenes mai alkanes, po o hydrocarbons unsaturated.

Cleavage o hydrogen mai se alkane molecule po dehydrogenation i le afioaga o catalysts ma lalo faʻavevela (460 ° C) e mafai ai ona maua le alkenes manaomia. O le auala o oxidation o alkanes i le vevela maualalo i luma o le catalysts (masima magnesium). O lenei e mafai ai e le tapulaa fuafuaina aafiaga i luga o le tali ma ia maua le oloa talafeagai o oxidation i le faagasologa o le tuufaatasia vailaau. Mo se faataitaiga, i le oxidation o maua alkanes maualuga alcohols maualuga eseese pe maualuga acids puta.

cleavage Alkanes foi tupu i isi aiaiga (mu, faapapaina). hydrocarbons faatumulia mu ma se faamalologa afi lanu moana aofaiga tele o le vevela. O nei meatotino faatagaina e faaaoga i latou e pei o le suauu kalori-maualuga i le aiga ma i alamanuia.